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Stimulated geothermal systems
Overview

An important, area of up-to-date application  of the Geothermal use, is the production of electricity, on the basis of low-lying Geothermal sources - 4 to 6 km - in a stable continental environment.

Heat extraction from the crystalline basement of the mountains

In some thousand of meters of depth, temperatures are present, which can be brought to the earth's surface with an artificially created water circulation for electricity- and heat production.

In Central Europe depth-crystalline rock can be found in a depth of 4 - 6Km (basis of the mountain) with temperatures around 200°C. With the “stimulated geothermal system (SGS)” (Enhanced Geothermal system - EGS) the energy can be used, by going into these rock-formations by drillings. With high pressure can be reached an opening of the rock layers and afterwards via a second drilling hole a water a circulation is started. At the earth's surface the energy is used over heat exchangers for electricity generation and heat production. With this technology it should be possible to generate electricity as volume energy and make warmth continuously available.

Geological suitability is found in many places

The large interest in the EGS technology is based on the one hand on the fact that it can be used at most locations with crystalline rock in at the most 6 km depth. On the other side the advantage for a CO2 free generation of eletricity from renewable energy, thus flowing terrestrial heat. Numerous regions in Europe are suitable from a geological view for such plants. For the proof of the general transferability of a EGS solution on several locations, it needs several functioning systems, at localities with contrasting underground characteristics.

For the economy of an EGS plant however, from today's point of view, also the sale of the "rest-heat" is substantial beside the generation of electricity. An accordingly large heat customer, like e.g. a long-distance heating net must be in the proximity available or at least planned.

With this, also "Hot-Fractured-Rock" procedure called system, the drilled crystalline rock is pressurized with water and with the help of this high pressure the existing weak points and hair-cracks or gaps are tried to open. Because the rock now under tension, now a slight shift of the irregular gap surfaces takes place, so that a lasting opening results. With this stimulation it is possible that the rock becomes water permeable - an instantaneous water heater was created.

Operational principle of a stimulated, geothermal system
in the deep crystalline rock